E-bike and e-scooter usage continues to expand nationwide, creating challenges for planners. These two papers explain what’s happening and how we can help our clients prepare for the future.

Compare the implementation of VMT Banks, VMT Exchanges, and VMT Impact Fee Programs through practical flowcharts outlining key decisions, legal requirements, agency coordination, environmental review, and long-term administration. This resource helps public agencies, regional partners, and development teams evaluate which VMT mitigation approach best fits their community’s goals.